Modal Auxliliaris

AUXILIARY	USES	PRESENT/FUTURE	PAST
May
	1.        Formal permissions	1.        You may be able to get new places. 2.        We may  put the “IF CLAUSE” before the “RESULT CLAUSE” and vice versa.
	2.        Less than 50% certainty	1.        The book about this village is more popular than the book about plants, so Basil may have mixed feelings. 2.        Bussiness may include the production of goods. 3.        Other raw materials may be extracted from the air. 4.        Over population may cause many problems.
Might	1.        Less than 50% certainty	1.        This might even be borrowed from a bank. 2.        It might take a few tries until you get the knack of timing. 3.        Their chicken might flee out of the ring at the first fright. 4.        We might build a factory. 5.        You might be surprised. 6.        A third party might argue for even more commas.
Should	1.        Advisibility	1.        You should play games with them and give them presents to keep their mood good. 2.        I should just make something that recuperates a lot of stamina. 3.        You should enter the race. 4.        Well then, you should stay with me. 5.        You should make a habit of visiting the library. 6.        You should not be snooping around in another person’s house like that. 7.        Whenever it rains or snows you should try to stay home as much as you can. 8.        I should be near her in case she gets sick.
	2.        90% certainly	1.        Batan should be able to seize the world’s radioisotope market. 2.        Nuclear energy should take a financial hit as a result of a accident at Fukushima Daiichi.
Ought to	1.        Advisibility	1.        You ought to say thank you for the present. 2.        We ought not to be late for the meeting.
Had better	1.        Advisibility with threat of bad result	1.        You had better adopt nuclear energy.
Be supposed to	1.        Expectation	1.        It is supposed to be very good. 2.        I am supposed to give a conference in Berlin tomorrow. 3.        She is not supposed to speak spanish in an English class. 4.        She is supposed to be ill. 5.        The exam was supposed to start at 10:00.
Be to	1.        Strong expectation	1.        The various advertisement posters of Jakarta Governor Fauzi Bowo to be removed. 2.        According to him, one’s love is the entry point with regards to the perfection to be achieved. 3.        They convey and explain the complains of people to be heard by leaders.
Must	1.        Strong necessity	1.        We must put comma (,) at the end of the “RESULT” Clause. 2.        The meaning of the fact must be on the contrary with the conditional sentence. 3.        Before planting crops, you must prepare your field. 4.        Seeds must also fit the season to grow. 5.        Andhika must undergo rehabilitation in a special institute owned by the National Narcotics Agency in Lido, Wast Java. 6.        Therefore, national banks especially BUMN Banks must be proactive. 7.        Every indication towards negative impact must be anticipated. 8.        BUMN Banks like BRI, BNI, Mandiri, BTN and others must remain as the driving force of national economy. 9.        Based on this fact that UKM must be assisted and saved. 10.     National Banks, including BUMN (State owned company) banks must soon conduct mapping to identify debtors.
	2.        Prohibition (negative)	1.        This must not happen again.
	3.        95% certainty	1.        Dad must trust my brother a lit because he didn’t teach me anything.
Have to	1.        Necessity	1.        You have to pace it well. 2.        You have to adjust your speed just when their faces begin to turn. 3.        You have to keep the same pos. 4.        When the writer’s preferences are different from mine, but not actually wrong. I have to pause. 5.        People have to to work in order to get money to buy food., clothes, and house.
	2.        Lack of necessity (negative)	1.        You dont’t always have to fill all their feed Boxes.
Have got to	1.        Necessity	1.        I have got to win, or it is bad for my reputation!
will	1.        100% certainty	1.        The fact will be in negative one. 2.        Buying decisions will be made. 3.        The horse will tire quickly. 4.        If you upgrade your sickle at the Blacksmith’s, you will be able to cut more at one time. 5.        Nothing will grow where you have not tilled, so be carefull how you use your precious seeds. 6.        The local Horse Race will be held on the 18th of this month. 7.        Effects of fuel increase will also faced by transportation sector. 8.        Transportation cost for passenggers and goods will also rise. 9.        Every bussiness sectors will be affected due to fuel hike. 10.     The Girl Band Cherrybell will star in the film “Love Is U”. 11.     110 million people will be working in this UKM sector. 12.     More number of people will be dependent on this sector. 13.     Subsidy in APBN will be decreased. 14.     You will tire and have difficulty reaching the finish line. 15.     Government will be wasting US$1,25 billion or Rp11,24 trillion fund. 16.     Tender for this underwater cable project will be done soon. 17.     Quality of education in FKIP will continue to be improved. 18.     There will be many people who are jobless.
	2.        Willingness	1.        I guess I’ll go home and eat. 2.        I will let it continue. 3.        I will teach you more about the menu window. 4.        We will now start the tasting! Please come up here when I call you. 5.        I think I will reserve my comments on this dish. 6.        I will be rooting for you!
	3.        Polite request	1.        Will Wamenkumham be reported?
be going to	1.        100% certainty	1.        The Gourment is going to be judging.
	2.        Definite plan	1.        We are going to live together. 2.        Stu takes it out for me when I am going to to cook. 3.        Are you going to compete this year, Adrian? 4.        I am going to buy his book. 5.        I am going to get that old man to praise me, no matter what!
can	1.        Ability/posibility	1.        We can see that at a price of 8 only 200 units are wanted. 2.        Your husband is lucky, he  can learn a lot from you. 3.        At first, you can only cut one square. 4.        A University’s quality can be seen from alumni accomplishments. 5.        Learning experience they received and understood can guide them in life exploration and become the power of changes. 6.        By studying a market we can work out. 7.        Producers can or are willing to supply at a certain price. 8.        It can be seen from the position of “the man” in the second sentence. 9.        They can be economical of social ones.
	2.        Informal permission	1.        You can plant seeds in it. 2.        If you have a chicken, you can enter the festival. 3.        You can bet on the horses. 4.        If you have a horse, you can even enter a race. 5.        You can add salt if you want. 6.        You can only cut one square.
	3.        Informal polite request	1.        Can I help you? 2.        Can you harvest your crops before summer comes? 3.        Can you believe the time?
	4.        Imposibility (negative only)	1.        You can’t enter with a pony. 2.        I can’t find anything wrong. 3.        Big stones and rocks that can’t be broken with a single hit. 4.        The tea party’s for everybody and we can’t have it unless everybody there. 5.        It is better not to wait until you can’t hold your breath any longer. 6.        The map can’t show you what floor your lost item is on. 7.        The day seems to go so fast! I can’t waste any more time talking to Duke! 8.        I can’t imagine working without having a tea party 9.        My husband can’t cook at all. 10.     All foods can’t taken out of this shop. 11.     I can’t wait to taste everybody’s efforts! 12.     I can’t make anything really fancy, you know. 13.     We can’t create jobs.
could	1.        Past ability		1.        This library was built so the villagers could read my father’s books. 2.        Many years before man could view the world from space.
	2.        Polite request	1.        Could this be a promotion strategy by Kangen Band who is back in stage? 2.        Could it be?
	3.        Suggestion	1.        The writer could counter that when the clauses are short. 2.        He could also argue that it’s conventional to set off parentheticals with commas.
	4.        Less than 50% certainly
	5.        Imposibility (negative only)	1.        He couldn’t act on it. 2.        Right after my wife passed away, I couldn’t do anything around the house.
Be able to	1.        Ability	1.        If you upgrade your sickle at the Blacksmith’s, you will be able to cut more at one time. 2.        I wouldn’t be able to go to the tea party. 3.        Batan should be able to seize the world’s radioisotope market. 4.        You may be able to get new places.
would
	1.        Preference	1.        The point at which it would be more economical to use another product. 2.        We would all live together. 3.        There would be no need to increase price of subsidized. 4.        I would like to be a right-or-wrong situation.
	2.        Repeated action in the past		1.        I would never go in between them.
Used to	1.        Repeated action in the past	1.        I used to worry about you before we got married. 2.        Oh, Thank you so much! My husband used to bring me this. 3.        The wood from tress is used to build houses and make paper and many other product. 4.        A harvester is used to harvest all types of grain and seed crop.
shall	1.        Polite request to make a suggestion	1.        Shall I Study Pharmacy? 2.        Shall I drive this writer crazy?
	2.        Future with “I” or “we” as subject	1.        By reading newspaper we shall know what happens in our country in particular.

Conditional Sentences

            Conditional Sentences are also known as conditional clause or if clauses. They are used to express that in the action in the main clause (without if) can only take place if a certain condition (in the clause with if) is fulfilled. There are three types of conditional sentences.

OVERVIEW OF BASIC VERB FORMS USED IN CONDITIONAL SENTENCES
SITUATION	IF-CLAUSE	RESULT CLAUSE	EXAMPLES
True in the present/future	Simple present	Simple present Will + simple form	If I have enough time, I watch TV every evening. If I have enough time, I will watch TV later on tonight.
Untrue in the present/future	Simple past	Would + simple form	If I had enough time, I would watch TV now or later on.
Untrue in the past	Past perfect	Would have + past participle	If I had have enough time, I would have watched TV yesterday.

Or to make it easy to understand, we can use this list:

Type	If clause	Result clause	Situatiom
1	Present tense S + V1	Future tense S + Will + V1	Real in present/ future
2	Pasr tense S + V2	Past future S + Would + V1	Unreal in present/ future
3	Past perfect S + Had + V3	Past future perfect S + have/has + V3	Unreal in past

NOTES:

            In writting conditional sentences, we may put the “IF CLAUSE” before the “RESULT CLAUSE” and vice vista.

            However, we must put comma (,) at the end of the “RESULT CLAUSE” if the “IF CLAUSE” is put before the “RESULT CLAUSE”.

            Also, the meaning of fact must be on the contrary with the conditional sentence. So, if the conditional sentence is in positive form, the fact will be in negative one and vice vista.

EXAMPLES

A.    Conditional sentence type 1

·         I will fix your bicycle if I have a screwdriver of the proper size.

·         Jack will shave today if he has a sharp razor.

·         If I have an apple to breakfast, I will give you my oatmeals.

·         If I have my computer back, I will do your homework.

·         Yayan will go to the college if Amanda goes too.

·         I will play my role if you keep my secret.

·         Kaitlin will forgive your mistake if you promise to do her task every day.

·         We will not go  skating if you think the ice is dangerously thin.

·         I will stop crying if they don’t force me anymore.

·         Wawan will return the book to the library if the rain stop.

B.     Conditional sentence type 2

·         If I had enough time now, I would write to my parents.

Fact: I don’t have enough time now, so I don’t write to my parents.

·         He would not come  to your party if you didn’t invite him.

Fact: He will come to your party because you invite him.

·         If the weather was very bad, we would take the train.

Fact: we don’t take the train because the weather is clearly nice.

·         If I went to the post office, I would get you some stamps.

Fact: I don’t go to the post office, so I don’t get some stamps.

·         I would not live in the city if you didn’t convince me.

Fact: I live in the city because you convince me.

·         She would teach in this school if Shannon didn’t study in here.

Fact: She don’t teach in this school because Shannon study in here.

·         If the weather were very bad, all schools would closed.

Fact: the weather is nice, so all schools are not closed.

·         Gattan would keep the keys if you didn’t accept the order from his mother to lock that doors.

Fact: Gattan don’t keep the keys because you accept the order from his mother to lock that doors.

C.     Conditional sentence type 3

·         If you had told me about the problem, I would have helped you.

Fact: You did not tell me about the problem, so I did not help you.

·         I would not have git wet yesterday if I had remenbered to take umbrella with me yesterday.

Fact: I got wet, because I did not remember o take my umbrella with me yesterday.

·         If he had made a large sale, he would have taken  his wife to an expensive restaurant.

Fact: he has not make a large sale, so he did not take his wife to an expensive restaurant.

·         If you had not understand  this math problem, I would have explained to you.

Fact: you understood this math problem, so I did not exlpaine to you.

·         She would have returned her new dress to the store if her husband had not like her new dress.

Fact: she did not return her new dress to the store because her husband liked her new dress.

·         If I had made a big trouble in here, I would have got a badly punishment.

Fact: I did not make a big trouble in here, so I did not get a badly punishment.

Kafe Kreativitas Mahasiswa

             

                  “Gunadarma adalah kampus yang anti kantin!”

                Well,  itulah kalimat yang pernah dikatakan banyak dosen kepada kami pada saat pertama masuk kuliah. Terkejut memang, namun yang membuat kami bingung adalah; mengapa pernyataan tersebut bisa muncul?

                Jika jawabannya karena pihak kampus tak ingin ambil pusing dengan penempatan kantin, mungkin bisa dimaklumi karena kampus Gunadarma tersebar di berbagai tempat di Kota Depok dan Jakarta. Tapi sepertinya hal itu bukanlah alasan yang kuat.

                Alasan lain yang mungkin terpikirkan oleh kami adalah masalah kebersihan. Tak hanya kebersihan tempat, kebersihan yang berhubungan dengan pelaku kantin juga patut dipertanyakan. Dalam artian para pelaku kantin harus jujur dan menaati peraturan yang ditetapkan pihak kampus agar ketertiban dapat terjaga. Sehingga hal-hal yang ditakuti seperti perusakan infrastruktur kampus dan masalah-masalah fatal lainnya dapat dihindari.

                Kantin atau lebih populernya disebut kafe, bisa kita siasati menjadi kafe kreativitas mahasiswa. Mahasiswa bisa berwirausaha di sana. Tak hanya bisnis makanan, berbagai bisnis lain seperti pakaian, aksesoris, atau bahkan pameran kesenian juga bisa dilakukan di sana. Kafe kreativitas ini akan sangat membantu mahasiswa untuk mengefisienkan waktu karena tak perlu jauh-jauh untuk mencari tempat makan siang. Selain itu, kafe ini juga bisa menjadi wadah bagi para mahasiswa yang ingin memulai wirausaha tapi tak punya tempat untuk memulai.

                Bayangkan saja apabila ide kafe keativitas ini dapat terwujud. Tak hanya keuntungan materi saja yang bisa didapat, ilmu dan pengalaman bagi mahasiswa pelaku wirausaha dan seni juga bisa bertambah. Pelajaran tentang memulai usaha tak akan hanya sebatas materi saja, melainkan dapat langsung diterapkan di kafe tersebut. Yang pada akhirnya bisa mengangkat nama Gunadarma menjadi kampus yang melahirkan banyak enterpreneur muda berbakat, yang sangat berguna bagi terbentuknya kemandirian ekonomi sekaligus sebagai penyerap tenaga kerja yang optimal, sehingga masalah angka pengangguran tinggi yang selama ini selalu menggerogoti negara sedikit demi sedikit bisa terselesaikan.

                Semoga curahan pikiran mengenai kantin kampus ini dapat membuka peluang-peluang usaha bagi yang membacanya. Tetap kreatif, dan jangan pernah menganggap bahwa berwirausaha itu sulit! Tetap semangat, dan SALAM GUNADARMA!

                 

Amanda Dwi Praharani
1EA02
10211657
UNIVERSITAS GUNADARMA

Hai, Mahasiswa! masih jaman malas belajar?

Menulis topik ini semata-mata bukan karena saya merasa sudah menjadi mahasiswa yang rajin. Saya juga masih memiliki kekurangan di banyak hal, terutama semangat menimba ilmu (masih moody hheu ^_^).

Galau. Sebenarnya apa sih arti spesifiknya? dewasa ini sering sekali kita temukan kata "magis" itu. Terutama terhadap mahasiswa (karena itu memang lingkungan saya sekarang). Setiap saya bertanya tentang sikap mereka yang tidak bersemangat, saya bersumpah hampir delapan puluh persen mereka menjawab:
"gue lagi galau.."
aaaaaaaaa..... sebel juga kan kalo dijawabnya kaya gitu??

Oke, bukan galau yang akan menjadi bahasan utama di sini. Karena semakin berbicara banyak tentang galau, itu membuat saya ketularan juga... hahaha (apasih)

Kita bisa kita pasti bisa... lagunya seagames 2011 itu "ngena" banget.. kenapa? karena dengan menyanyikan lagu itu saja berarti telah mendoakan keberhasilan kepada kita. Kenapa lagi bisa begitu? karena lagi (hehe) setiap kata yang kita ucapkan PASTI akan berpengaruh pada apa yang akan kita raih di masa depan. Kalau kita bilang bisa melakukan sesuatu, pasti akan benar-benar bisa. Sebaliknya jika mengatakan tidak bisa dan tidak yakin, maka begitupun kenyataan selanjutnya..

"Aduuh.. kayanya gue ga bakalan sanggup deh ngerjain soal itu..."
Sobat pasti pernah mendengar kalimat itu kan? yang dengan mengenaskannya diucapkan oleh seseorang, yang sama sekali tidak menyadari kalau kalimat itu hanya akan membuatnya benar-benar tidak sanggup. Dengan ucapan, kita bisa mengeluarkan energi positf dan negatif. Itu bisa dirasakan apabila kita sedang merasa percaya diri, dan berkata kalau kita BISA melakukan sesuatu, maka tanpa sadar kita akan merasa memiliki kekuatan ekstra yang sebenarnya berasal dari energi positif tersebut. Begitu juga ketika kita mengatakan kalau kita tidak akan bisa melakukan sesuatu, yang ada hanyalah rasa malas dan minder, yang akhirnya membuat kita benar-benar tak sanggup melakukan hal tersebut.

Jadi, bukan bermaksud untuk menggurui atau apa.. saya hanya ingin mengajak sobat semua agar selalu berpikiran positif di mana pun dan dalam keadaan apa pun. Walau yang kita temui adalah hal paling rumit sekalipun. Pada saat kuis atau ujian misalnya, JANGAN pernah ucap "SAYA TIDAK AKAN BISA" atau "KAYANYA GUE ENGGA SANGGUP", lebih baik mengatakan "SAYA AKAN BERUSAHA" atau "SAYA YAKIN AKAN DIBERI JALAN KELUAR".

so, teman.. selamat belajar dan membuang pikiran negatif jauh-jauh yaa ^_^ hehe

Amanda Dwi Praharani, 10211657, 1EA02.